General Principles
The chemical structure of carboxylic acid derivatives affects the relative chemical reactivity of the common…
Cindy Ma
Important Reactions
Important reactions for carboxylic acid derivatives include nucleophilic substitution, transesterification, and hydrolysis of amides. …
Biological Aromatic Heterocycles
Aromatic heterocycle compounds contain one or more atoms other than carbon as part of the aromatic…
Description
Carboxylic acid derivatives include anhydrides, esters, and amides. The general chemical structure of carboxylic acid…
Biological oxidation–reduction (BC/GC)
Reactions involving electron transfers are known as oxidation-reduction reactions (or redox reactions), and they play a central…
Phosphoryl group transfers and ATP (BC/GC)
Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) serves as the main source of free energy in living cells. The…
Bioenergetics/thermodynamics (BC/GC)
A certain ratio of reactants and products for a reaction will always be achieved at…
General Principles
Proteins are biomolecules made up of one or more amino acid chains (polypeptide chains), and…
Peptides and proteins: reactions
Several ways that peptides within proteins can react and be modified include the formation of…
Amino acids: description
Amino acids are the monomers (building blocks) of proteins. Each amino acid has the same…