Structure and function of the ear
The ear is the organ of both hearing and equilibrium. Hearing is the transduction of…
Nathan Mountford
Racemic mixtures, separation of enantiomers
Racemic mixtures are difficult to separate due to the similar properties of the two chiral…
Separation and purification of peptides and proteins
Peptides and proteins can be separated and purified based on their size or charge, and…
Chromatography: Basic principles involved in separation process
Chromatography is a separation technique that takes advantage of the different products solubilities and relative…
Distillation
Distillation is a purification method where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and…
Electron Shells and the Sizes of Ions
Ionic radius is the radius of an ion, regardless of whether it is an anion…
Electron Shells and the Sizes of Atoms
The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its…
Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom/molecule to attract electrons. Electronegativity is a property that…
Electron Affinity
Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron.…
First and Second Ionization Energy
The ionization energy of a chemical species (i.e., an atom or molecule) is the energy…