Integration with endocrine system: feedback control
The endocrine system relies on feedback mechanisms to control the hormone levels in the circulatory…
Sheeb Margarita
Reflexes
A reflex action, also known as a reflex, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in…
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems: antagonistic control
Autonomic responses are mediated by the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems, which are antagonistic to one another. The autonomic nervous system (ANS)…
Sensor and effector neurons
Sensor or afferent neurons convey information from tissues and organs to the brain, and efferent…
Major Functions
The nervous system has three overlapping functions; sensory input, integration, and motor output.; it is…
Glial cells, neuroglia
Neuroglia or glial cells maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons…
Excitatory and inhibitory nerve fibers: summation, frequency of firing
Summation occurs when excitatory impulses add together to reach the threshold to fire a neuron;…
Action potential
Neural impulses occur when a stimulus depolarizes a cell membrane, prompting an action potential which…
Resting potential: electrochemical gradient
The concentration gradient of ions across the membrane and the membrane permeability to each type…
Synaptic activity: transmitter molecules
Synaptic transmission is a chemical activity that is involved in the transmission of the impulse…