Breathing mechanisms
The breathing mechanisms of most mammals include two parts: inhalation and exhalation. These mechanisms depend…
Shubhi Khandelwal
Structure of lungs and alveoli
The lungs are the respiratory organs of the body. The respiratory tract starts from the…
General function
The general functions of the respiratory system are the exchange of gases, thermoregulation, and filtering…
Major endocrine glands: names, locations, products
The main endocrine glands are the hypothalamus, pituitary (anterior and posterior), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex…
Major types of hormones
Hormones can be divided into three classes based on their chemical structure: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived,…
Definitions of endocrine glands, hormones
Endocrine glands release chemical messengers known as hormones directly into the blood. Hormones are chemicals…
Storage and elimination: ureter, bladder, urethra
The urine formed in the collecting duct of the nephron moves to the ureter and…
Formation of urine
The formation of urine takes place in the nephron, which is the structural and fundamental…
Kidney structure
The kidney is formed of three regions that are the outer cortex, inner medulla, and…
Major functions
The lymphatic system has four major functions that are equalization of interstitial fluid distribution, transport…