Practice Questions

Khan Academy

MCAT Official Prep (AAMC)

Chemistry Question Pack Passage 7 Question 38

Chemistry Question Pack Passage 7 Question 39

Chemistry Question Pack Passage 7 Question 40

Practice Exam 3 C/P Section Question 59

Key Points

• Metals are solids under standard conditions, except for mercury

• Metals have high melting points and densities

• Metals are highly malleable and have high ductility

• Metals have low effective nuclear charge, low electronegativity, and low ionization energy

• Metals have a large atomic radius and small ionic radius

• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

• Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity because they do not easily give up electrons

• Non-metals have high ionization energy, high electron affinity, and high electronegativity

• Non-metals have small atomic radii and large ionic radii

Key Terms

malleability: the ability of a metal to be hammered into shapes

ductility: the ability to be pulled or drawn into wires

valence electron: an outer shell electron that can participate in chemical bonds

ionization energy: the energy required to remove an electron from the valence shell of a gaseous atom

electron affinity: the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron

electronegativity: a measure of the ability of an atom to attract the electrons in a bond

oxidation state: a number assigned to an element in chemical combination which represents the number of electrons lost

atomic radius: the average distance between a nucleus and its outermost electron

ionic radii: the average distance from the center of the nucleus to the edge of its electron cloud

standard conditions: are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 atm

melting point: the temperature at which an element will melt

effective nuclear charge: the attractive positive charge of nuclear protons acting on valence electrons