Net molecular and energetic results of respiration processes
Cellular respiration is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen to…
nathan
Post-transcriptional control, basic concept of splicing (introns, exons)
The transcription produces pre-mRNA that is processed to mRNA. It is processed by three steps…
Cancer as a failure of normal cellular controls, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
Cancer, a disease of altered gene expression, is the result of gene mutations or dramatic…
Chromosomal proteins
Chromosomal proteins are the histones around which the DNA strands are coiled to form nucleosome…
Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA for…
Expressing cloned genes
Expressing cloned genes in host cells to get their protein products requires careful selection of…
Antigen presentation
Antigen presentation broadly consists of pathogen recognition, phagocytosis of the pathogen or its molecular components,…
Regulation by nervous control
Involuntary respiration is controlled by the respiratory centers of the upper brainstem. The cerebral cortex…
Capillary beds
The capillary bed is an interwoven network of capillaries that supplies an organ—the more metabolically…
Meters
An instrument used to measure currents is called an ammeter, and to measure potential difference:…