Oxidation and Reduction (Hydroquinones, Ubiquinones): Biological 2e-Redox Centers
A hydroquinone is a compound with two hydroxyl (OH) groups bound to aromatic carbons, which…
Shannon
Structure and Function of the Eye
The human eye is an organ that reacts with light and allows light perception, color…
Catalysts
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering…
Rate-Determining Step
The rate of a multi-step reaction is determined by the slowest elementary step, which is…
Reaction Rate
Reaction rates are determined by observing the changes in the concentrations of reactants or products…
Auditory Processing
Hearing begins with pressure waves hitting the auditory canal and ends when the brain perceives…
Sensory Reception by Hair Cells
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system…
Structure and function of the ear
The ear is the organ of both hearing and equilibrium. Hearing is the transduction of…
Electron Shells and the Sizes of Ions
Ionic radius is the radius of an ion, regardless of whether it is an anion…
Electron Shells and the Sizes of Atoms
The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its…